Figure 2

Filtering of high frequency signals. Time dependence of signal integration in a linear biochemical cascade. a.) the sequential activation of multiple stages in a signaling cascade. Superscripts (I) and (A) denote inactive and active forms of each chemical species and are dropped from the equations in the text. b.) same kinetic constants, all kinetic constants are taken to be: $k_i^{+}=k_i^{-}=1.0$ c.) a positive gradient of activation/deactivation rates keeping $\frac{k_i^{+}}{k_i^{-}}=1.0$ fixed. $k_1^{+}$ = 1.0, $k_2^{+}$ = 3.3, $k_3^{+}$ = 6.6, $k_4^{+}$ = 10.0. c.) plots of g _n (ω) for n = 1, 2, 3, 4 with successively different values of $k_i^{-}$ while keeping $\frac{k_i^{+}}{k_i^{-}}=1.0$ fixed ($k_1^{-}$ = 1.0, $k_2^{-}$ = 3.3, $k_3^{-}$ = 6.6, $k_4^{-}$ = 10.0).