Table 1 Targeted attributes.

Cells consume resources, change state, proliferate, lose adhesion, die, shed, and move.

Cells proliferate throughout the duration of growth of the EMT6 spheroid.

Cells behave autonomously and locally.

The EMT6 spheroid develops an inner necrotic core, a middle quiescent layer, and an outer proliferating layer.

The EMT6 spheroid initially grows exponentially, then linearly, and then stabilizes.

The EMT6 spheroid has different growth characteristics at different levels of nutrient.

Necrosis onset occurs when the EMT6 spheroid has an area of roughly 0.2 mm² at high nutrient and 0.02 mm² at low nutrient.

The viable rim has a width of roughly 240 μm at high nutrient and 60 μm at low nutrient.

The measured initial doubling times are roughly 22 hours at high nutrient and 26 hours at low nutrient.

The mean error percentage between EMT6 spheroid and SMS growth is within 15% at high and low nutrient levels.