Figure 2

Fluorescent protein applications. (a) Three Madin-Darby canine kidney epithelial cells with GFP-rac1 and dsRed-E-cadherin. Rac1 is a pleiotropic signaling molecule that is closely associated with cell-cell adhesion and cell motility. E-cadherin is a cell-cell adhesion protein responsible for facilitating communication between two contacting cells. Scale bar: 10 μm. Contributed by Lance Kam (Columbia University, New York). (b) Membranes of human umbilical cord endothelial cells visualized using EYFP. Scale bar: 40 μm. (c) GFP-actin labeled human umbilical cord endothelial cell undergoing mitosis, with actin filaments aligned toward the centrioles. Scale bar: 30 μm. Contributed by Samuel Sia (Columbia University, New York).