Figure 4

Quantitative RT-PCR confirms upregulation of vraR and tcaA by ranalexin. Fold induction of vraR and tcaA expression measured by qRT-PCR after 15, 30 and 60 min exposure to 20 μg ml^-1 ranalexin. Gene expression was normalised against 16SrRNA and fold-induction upon exposure to ranalexin treatment was then determined relative to untreated controls. The experiment was performed in triplicate and the data shown represents the mean and standard error of the mean.