Figure 8

PERK branch and the translation attenuation module. The figure shows the post-translational and genetic regulatory steps involved in regulating translational rate in response to ER stress. Activated PERK phosphorylates and deactivates eIF2 α, which results in increased translation of ATF4. This triggers the activation of CHOP and subsequently GADD34, which negatively regulates eIF2 α phosphorylation and restores translation. Feedback provided by the ATF6 module is represented as external regulation on the expression of CHOP.