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Figure 1 | BMC Systems Biology

Figure 1

From: Computational modelling of the regulation of Insulin signalling by oxidative stress

Figure 1

Block diagrams of the model. (A): Insulin – Insulin Receptor binding and InR activation; (B): IRS regulation by active InR, PKC, JNK and IKK and IRS – PI3K binding; (C) downstream activation of Akt though the IRS– PI3K complex and PIP3, and GLUT4 transport to the plasma membrane; (D) ROS production basally (by Mt) and insulin-stimulated (by NOX); ROS transport across the plasma membrane; ROS degradation by SOD2; inhibition of PTP and PTEN by ROS and reactivation by GSH; (E) activation of JNK and IKK by ROS; (F) FOXO regulation by Akt, JNK and IKK; FOXO synthesis and degradation; FOXO transport between compartments; transcriptional regulation of InR and SOD2 by FOXO. The presence of the PTMs applied to FOXO by the kinases affects the transport and degradation rates, as detailed in Table 3.

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