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Table 1 Carbon sources for the central metabolism of the CHO-K1 cell line in batch culture during the exponential growth phase

From: Non-stationary 13C metabolic flux analysis of Chinese hamster ovary cells in batch culture using extracellular labeling highlights metabolic reversibility and compartmentation

Metabolite

Target intracellular metabolite

Uptake flux [mmol/(L cell × h)]

Uptake flux [Cmmol/(L cell × h)]

Percentage of the total carbon-flux

Glucose

Pyruvate

371.0

2226.2

64.9

Glutamine

AKG

66.4

331.9

9.7

AA1*

AcoA

92.6

185.2

5.4

AA2*

Malate

49.6

198.4

5.8

AA3*

AKG

11.6

58.2

1.7

ASP/ASN

OAA

68.1

272.3

7.9

Serine

Pyruvate, glycine

48.3

146.4

4.3

TOTAL

-

-

3428.53

100

  1. The contribution of AA1, AA2 and AA3 amino acid groups considers only catabolism. Abbreviations: AA1: amino acids catabolized to AcoA (isoleucine, leucine, lysine, phenylalanine, tyrosine); AA2: amino acids catabolized to four-carbon dicarboxylic acids (isoleucine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tyrosine, valine); AA3: amino acids catabolized to glutamate (arginine, histidine, proline); AcoA: acetyl coenzyme A; AKG: alpha-ketoglutarate; ASN: asparagine; ASP: aspartate; OAA: oxaloacetate.
  2. *Excluding requirements for protein synthesis.