Exploring metabolism flexibility in complex organisms through quantitative study of precursor sets for system outputs

Table 7 Minimum and maximum utilization of input in each output

(CN) treatment
Input		Glucose		Glycerol		Acetate		BHBA		Lysine¹		Isoleucine¹		Leucine¹		Valine¹		Arginine¹		Glutamine¹
		1392		17.2		924		668		21.5		21.4		22.6		19.3		26.9		8.95
Output		Minimum and maximum utilisation of input in each output (in mmol/h/half udder of Carbon)
		Min	Max	Min	Max	Min	Max	Min	Max	Min	Max	Min	Max	Min	Max	Min	Max	Min	Max	Min	Max
Glycerol3P	117	36.1	115	1.8	11.3	0	22.8	0	44.5	0	1.6	0	2.3	0.0	2.0	0.0	2.0	0.0	2.2	0.0	0.9
Lactose	1002	866	1002	0	9.2	0	37.9	0	74.0	0	2.6	0	3.9	0.0	3.3	0.0	3.3	0.0	3.7	0.0	1.5
C4	46.4	0		0		0		46.4		0		0		0		0		0		0
C6	33.5	0		0		22.3		11.2		0		0		0		0		0		0
C8	23.0	0		0		17.2		5.7		0		0		0		0		0		0
C10	64.6	0		0		51.7		12.9		0		0		0		0		0		0
C12	73.4	0		0		61.2		12.2		0		0		0		0		0		0
C14	250	0		0		215		35.8		0		0		0		0		0		0
C16	343	0		0		300		42.9		0		0		0		0		0		0
glycine ²	6.9	2.1	5.5	0.0	0.5	0.4	1.3	0.7	2.6	0.0	0.1	0.0	0.1	0.0	0.1	0.0	0.1	0.0	0.1	0.0	0.1
Alanine ²	9.8	1.4	9.6	0.0	0.9	0	2.4	0	4.7	0	0.2	0	0.3	0	0.2	0	0.2	0	0.2	0	0.1
glutamate ²	31.7	0.8	8.8	0.0	0.4	6.7	9.0	13.0	17.6	0.4	0.5	0.4	0.7	0.6	0.8	0.3	0.5	0.7	0.9	0.3	0.4
proline ²	55.0	1.4	15.3	0.0	0.6	11.6	15.6	22.6	30.5	0.7	0.9	0.8	1.3	1.0	1.4	0.5	0.9	1.2	1.6	0.5	0.7
aspartate ²	16.5	0.6	7.0	0.0	0.3	2.7	4.5	5.3	8.9	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.5	0.2	0.4	0.2	0.4	0.3	0.5	0.1	0.2
serine ²	22.5	6.9	22.0	0.3	2.2	0	4.4	0	8.5	0	0.3	0	0.4	0	0.4	0	0.4	0	0.4	0	0.2
CO2	1021	244	402	2.0	12.5	180	227	351	444	16.3	19.8	14.2	19.1	15.8	20.0	13.4	17.4	14.8	19.2	5.9	7.8

A local-search algorithm allowed us to compute the minima and maxima of each AIO coefficient for the two treatments (Ctrl), (CN) (in mmol/h/half udder of Carbon). These tables allow discriminating the response of the mammary gland to the two treatments without requiring selection of a flux distribution for reactions in the metabolic network. (CN) treatment (protein intake by food) is characterized by a lower proportion of glucose which is oxidized in CO2 than in (Ctrl).
⁽¹⁾Amino acid input corresponded to positive balances between amino acid net uptake and amino acid and utilization in milk protein (i.e. peptide output).
⁽²⁾Amino acid Output corresponded to negative balance between, amino acid net uptake and utilization in milk protein (i.e. peptide output).

ISSN: 1752-0509