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Fig. 3 | BMC Systems Biology

Fig. 3

From: Finding directionality and gene-disease predictions in disease associations

Fig. 3

Inclusion analysis by disease category. a For two diseases sharing a certain number of elements (genes or pathways), the inclusion index (τ) will be low for a disease with a high number of total elements compared with the number of shared elements. When the number of shared elements increases compared with the total number of elements of the disease, the index level increases. Therefore, different index values can be calculated for two diseases sharing elements depending on the total number of elements of each disease. Consequently, this index allows obtaining not only the degree of interaction between diseases, but also the directionality of the interaction. A value of τ = 1 indicates that one disease is a subset of another. b Boxplot of calculated level of inclusion between disease-pairs belonging to the same ICD-10-CM category based on shared genes. c Boxplot of calculated level of inclusion between disease-pairs belonging to the same ICD-10-CM category based on shared pathways

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