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Fig. 6 | BMC Systems Biology

Fig. 6

From: A polynomial based model for cell fate prediction in human diseases

Fig. 6

The apoptosis signaling pathway. It mainly involves four parts: the death receptor-induced pathway, endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-mediated pathway, TP53-dependent pathway, as well as the mitochondrial pathway. Stimulated by death ligands (e.g. TNFα), the death receptors recruit adaptor proteins and then activate the mitochondrial pathway or directly induce apoptosis by caspase 8. ER stress promotes apoptosis by ER sensors of IRE1α and EIF2AK3, or release of Ca2+ through IP3R1 channel. TP53 plays an important role in apoptosis by activating the transcription of pro-apoptotic proteins (e.g. BAX) while inhibiting the transcription of anti-apoptotic proteins (e.g. BCL2). In mitochondria, activated BAX stimulates the release of cytochrome c, and eventually triggers the caspase cascades

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