Fig. 3
The results of the numerical examples by our method. a. The results of Logistic model by our method (rows → columns). b. The real interaction of a 5-species model. In this model, Y 1, Y 2 and Y 3 are coupled each other, and also Y 1, Y 2 , Y 3 drive Y 4 and Y 5 . However, Y 4 and Y 5 do not have any effect on Y 1, Y 2 and Y 3 . c. The results of the five species model by our method (rows → columns). Here 0 means that there is no causal relation