Table 3 Reported relations between genes and T2D

CACNA1H (coding)

Voltage-Dependent T-Type Calcium Channel Subunit Alpha-1H has a role in Type-1 diabetes [36].

CARD10 (intronic)

CARD10 is a family member that interacts with BCL10 and activates NF-kappa B [37]. Suppression of NF-kappaB activation blocks osteoclastic bone resorption during estrogen deficiency [38], and osteoporosis stems from an imbalance in osteoclastic bone resorption with respect to osteoblastic bone formation [39].

FGRL1 (coding)

Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor-L1 expression in Pancreatic beta-cells has numerous reports in relation to T2D [40].

CADPS (coding)

This gene encodes a novel neural/endocrine-specific cytosolic and peripheral membrane protein required for the Ca2 + −regulated exocytosis of secretory vesicles [41]. The gene is known to be associated with Type-1 diabetes [42].

MADD (coding)

Tumor necrosis factor alpha is a signaling molecule that interacts with one of two receptors on cells targeted for apoptosis [43]. The gene is known to play a critical role in glucose-induced insulin secretion [44].

ANK2 (coding)

This gene encodes a member of the ankyrin family of proteins that link the integral membrane proteins to the underlying spectrin-actin cytoskeleton. The gene has been reported to be in relation with insulin and pancreatic islets in type-1 diabetes database [45, 46].

TRPM8 (coding)

Mice lacking TRPM8 respond normally to a glucose challenge while exhibiting prolonged hypoglycemia in response to insulin [47]. Relationship between brown adipose tissue, TRPM8 gene, and obesity & diabetes have been reported [48].

PALB2 (coding)

This gene encodes a protein that may function in tumor suppression [49]. This gene is reported to be related to Breast cancer and pancreatic cancer [50]. Pancreatic cancer and diabetes have close relations [51].

AXIN1 (coding)

This gene encodes a cytoplasmic protein which contains a regulation of G-protein signaling domain and a disheveled axin domain [52]. The genes is reported in the type-1 diabetes database.

CUBN (coding)

Cubilin (CUBN) acts as a receptor for intrinsic factor-vitamin B12 complexes [53]. The gene is related to albuminuria and is an important key factor of chronic kidney disease, especially in individuals with diabetes [54].