| |
Female/male
|
Animal
|
Reference
|
|---|
|
PEMT
|
2-2.3
|
Mouse, human hepatocytes
|
[68]
|
|
BHMT
|
0.54-0.6
|
Mice
|
[69]
|
|
MTHFR
|
0.37-0.93
|
Mice
|
[4]
|
|
MS
|
1.32-1.38
|
Mice
|
[4]
|
|
SHMT
|
1.89-2.44
|
Mice
|
[4]
|
|
Choline
|
1.44-2.75
|
Rats
|
[5]
|
|
Betaine
|
1.29-2.89
|
Rats and mice
|
[4, 5]
|
|
SphMy
|
1.18-1.3
|
Mice
|
[4]
|
|
SAM
|
0.82-1
|
Human, whole blood
|
[6]
|
|
Hcy
|
0.6-0.89
|
Humans
|
*, [4, 70–73]
|
- The enzymes PEMT, BHMT, MTHFR, MS, and SHMT are up- or down-regulated in females. The concentrations of choline, betaine, sphingomyelin, SAM, and Hcy are higher or lower in females as indicated. The ranges for the ratios come from the cited literature. * indicates data from the NHANES 2005-2006 survey: wwwn.cdc.gov/nchs/nhanes/
