Fig. 10

Results for ED1 in case of innovative protocol. We observe how this protocol lowers APPS both in the second and in the third stages of the experiment: while pretreatment APPS remains homologous to those in Figs. 8 and 9 (50.94 ± 0.67), after the first dose of antibiotic and microbiota reintegration it drops to 53.03 ± 0.52. Eventually, after the second dose of antibiotics it reaches 70.75 ± 0.82, corresponding to significant decreases compared to the corresponding simulation stages in the traditional treatment scenario Fig. 9. In the simulation curve, we observe how the effects of the first antibiotic dose on PPS are counterbalanced by the microbiota reintegration: in the first place PPS begins to rise, but it is bounded right away to a low level by the preventive action, leaving on the track just a transient spike. After the second, higher dosage of antibiotics, PPS increases, reaching a steady state at a higher level, which is anyway lower that that reached in Fig. 9