Fig. 1

Schematic overview of energy expenditure in the computational model MINGLeD. Energy expenditure takes place in both hepatic (indicated by the blue arrow) and peripheral (indicated by the red arrow) compartments. This model scheme was adapted with permission from [27]. This multi-compartment framework encompasses pathways in dietary absorption, hepatic, peripheral, and intestinal lipid metabolism, hepatic, and plasma lipoprotein metabolism and plasma, hepatic, and peripheral carbohydrate metabolism. The metabolite pools in the different tissue compartments are displayed in the black frames; the corresponding metabolic fluxes are represented using the arrows. The grey fluxes represent the dietary inflow in terms of the different macronutrients derived from the experimental data. AA, amino acid; ACAT, Acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase; ACoA, Acetyl CoA; BA, bile acid; C, cholesterol; CE, cholesteryl ester; CEH, cholesterol ester hydrolase; CETP, cholesteryl ester transfer protein; CM, chylomicron; DNL, de novo lipogenesis; (F)C, (free) cholesterol; (F)FA, (free) fatty acid; G, glucose; G6P, glucose-6-phosphate; GNG, gluconeogenesis; HDL, high density lipoprotein; TG, triglyceride; TICE, transintestinal cholesterol absorption; (V)LDL, (very) low density lipoprotein