Fig. 5

Using the ppGpp sensor for diagnostics of low efficiency of FA-producing lines. a. Simulated GFP fluorescence (green) follows ppGpp kinetics (red) during batch cultivation of E. coli cells; Ki _I  = 0.1. Solid and dashed-dotted lines correspond to the control line 0 and high Tes line 3 (indicated by numbers) with Tes activity of 0.08 and 100 mg/l/OD/min respectively. b. Dependence of the maximal levels of GFP fluorescence during batch cultivation on the Tes activity. Green solid and dashed green lines correspond to Ki _I  = 0.1 and Ki _I  = 0.02 respectively. The black line shows FA yields after 24 h of cell growth, normalized to maximum. c. Kinetics of GFP fluorescence (green) and ppGpp concentrations (red) under increased strength of GFP inhibition (Ki _I  = 0.02). Line designations are the same as in a