Table 4 Summary of simulation results of Prototype Model 1
From: A simple theoretical framework for understanding heterogeneous differentiation of CD4+ T cells
Conditions of differentiation induction | Induced cell population | Evidence |
|---|---|---|
Exogenous polarizing signals alone | No induction of differentiation | [18] |
Low dose of antigenic stimulant (TCR signal <1 units) and exogenous polarizing signals | Homogeneous differentiation (induced phenotype corresponds to type of polarizing signal) | [18] |
Antigenic stimulant in the presence of IL-4 | Heterogeneous differentiation of TH1 and TH2 | |
Increasing strengths of TCR signal | A spectrum of heterogeneous populations with increasing percentages of TH2 cells and decreasing percentage of TH1 cells. | [20] |
Increasing strengths of TCR signal in the presence of IL-4 | A spectrum of heterogeneous populations with increasing percentages of TH2 cells and decreasing percentage of TH1 cells. | [18] |
TCR signal alone vs. TCR signal with IL-4 | Stronger TCR signal is required to achieve a balanced population of TH1 and TH2 in condition without IL-4 than in condition with IL-4 | Prediction |
TCR signal + TH1 polarizing signals | Double-positive phenotype can be observed (via reprogramming from TH2 cells) | [24] |
TCR signal + TH1 polarizing signals | Direct induction of double-positive phenotype can be achieved with strong TCR signal and TH1 polarizing condition | Prediction |
Blocking GATA3-IL4 feedback by antibodies against IL-4 and inducing with TCR signal | No TH2 cells are observed | [59] |
Blocking GATA3-IL4 feedback by antibodies against IL-4 and inducing with TCR signal | Homogeneous differentiation of TH1 cells | Prediction |