Figure 1
From: Identification of direction in gene networks from expression and methylation
Causal Vs. Bayesian networks. Three DAGs with different meanings when interpreted as causal graphs but identical meanings when interpreted as Bayesian networks. As Bayesian networks, all three graphs represent different forms of the same probability factorization, namely A ⊥ C|B. Therefore, the correct causal graph cannot be identified statistically by examining independence relationships among variables.