Fig. 2

Effect of oxygen on the time evolution of the biofilm community. The bulk oxygen concentration was set at 3x10 −3 mM. a–c Abundances of B. thetaiotaomicron, F. prausnitzii and E. coli at the top, middle and bottom of the biofilm. d SCFA levels averaged across the biofilm where the symbols represent the initial values. e Byproduct concentrations averaged across the biofilm. f Spatial profile of the steady-state oxygen concentration